Evaluating the Effectiveness of Leadership Training on Crisis Management in Public Secondary Schools Using the PPRR Model: A Case Study of Larkana Division

Abstract

This study explores the effectiveness of leadership training in managing crises through the Prevention, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery (PPRR) model in public secondary schools in the Larkana Division, Sindh, Pakistan. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 100 headmasters/mistresses via surveys and semi-structured interviews. Findings showed the Prevention phase scored the highest, reflecting moderate success in fostering community engagement and risk identification. However, there was observed a tremendous shortfall in the Preparedness and Recovery because mostly leadership training and resources limited in those regions. District disparities were found between Larkana, Shikarpur, Jacobabad and Kashmore. Statistical results further proved that trained leaders showed improved capabilities during all PPRR phases. The study highlights the need for leadership development programs and fair resource allocation to develop crisis management skills. Recommendations include introducing systematic training and addressing district-level disparities to ensure educational resilience.