E-Commerce for Sustainable Development: Leveraging WTO and China-FTA Experiences for Global South Integration

Abstract

This article explores the potential of e-commerce as a catalyst for sustainable development in the Global South, focusing on lessons drawn from the World Trade Organization (WTO) framework and China’s Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). It examines how WTO rules and China’s digital trade provisions collectively shape regulatory environments that foster inclusive digital economies, reduce barriers, and enhance participation by developing countries. The study uses comparative legal analysis to assess key policy areas such as cross-border data flows, digital infrastructure, consumer protection, and capacity building. Findings reveal that while WTO agreements provide a broad multilateral foundation for e-commerce governance, China’s FTAs offer tailored, pragmatic frameworks that address specific needs of Global South partners, promoting regional integration and sustainable growth. The article concludes with recommendations for Global South policymakers to strategically leverage these international experiences to bridge digital divides, strengthen trade resilience, and achieve sustainable development goals through e-commerce.